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High Sugar Consumption

May Increase Risk Factors for

Heart Disease in American Teenagers

 

 

 

 

Teenagers who consume a lot of added sugars in soft

drinks and foods may have poor cholesterol profiles 

which may possibly lead to heart disease in adulthood,

according to new research reported in Circulation:

Journal of the American Heart Association.

 

 

"Added sugars" are any caloric sweeteners added to foods
or beverages by the manufacturer during processing or the
consumer. The National Health and Nutrition Survey
(NHANES) of 2,157 teenagers (ages 12 to 18) found the
average daily consumption of added sugars was 119 grams
(28.3 tsp or 476 calories), accounting for 21.4 percent of
their total energy.

 

The American Heart Association recently recommended a
specific upper limit for added sugars intake, based on the
number of calories an individual needs throughout the day,
according to their energy expenditure, sex and age. For
example, an appropriate amount for an individual with an
energy requirement of 1,800 calories per day (an average
teenage girl ages 14-18 might be in this calorie range)
would be no more than 100 calories from added sugars.
An individual with a requirement of 2200 calories per day
should eat or drink no more than 150 calories from added
sugars.

 

Teens consuming the highest levels of added sugars had
lower levels of high density lipoprotein levels (HDL), the good
cholesterol, and higher levels of triglycerides and low density 

lipoproteins (LDL), the bad cholesterol.

 

"This is the first study to assess the association of added
sugars and the indicators of heart disease risk in adolescents,"
said researchers at Emory University in Atlanta, Ga. "The
higher consumers of added sugar have more unfavorable
cholesterol levels. The concern is long-term exposure would
place them at risk for heart disease later in adulthood."

 

Teenagers with the highest levels of added sugar consumption
at more than 30 percent of total energy had 49.5 milligrams/
deciliter (mg/dL) compared to 54 mg/dL of HDL levels in those 

with the lowest levels of added sugar consumption, a 9 percent
difference. Previous studies indicate that the largest contributors
of added sugars to the diet are sugary beverages such as sodas,
fruit drinks, coffees and teas, they explained.

 

"Adolescents are eating 20 percent of their daily calories in
sugars that provide few if any other nutrients," they said.

 

The study included dietary recall from one 24-hour period that
researchers merged with sugar content data from the U.S.
Department of Agriculture My Pyramid Equivalents Databases.

 

Researchers estimated cardiovascular risk by added sugar
consumption of less than 10 percent up to more than 30 percent
of daily total energy. Two days of dietary data were used among
a sub-sample of 646 adolescents and the key findings remained
consistent:

 

· Those with higher intake of added sugar had higher LDL levels
  of 94.3 mg/dL compared to 86.7 in those with the lowest levels,
  a 9 percent difference.

· Triglyceride levels in those with the highest consumption were
  79 mg/dL compared to 71.7 mg/dL among the lowest, a 10
  percent difference.

· Overweight or obese adolescents with the highest level of
  added sugar consumption had increased signs of insulin
  resistance.

 

"While Americans appear to be working hard to lower their
intake of saturated fats, there is not the same awareness when
it comes to added sugars," researchers said. "The intake of 

added sugars is positively associated with known cardiovascular
risk factors. Added sugars play a significant role in the U.S. diet,
contributing substantially to energy intake without contributing
important nutrients to the diet." Adolescents and adults should
"use the labels of the drinks and food they consume to become
familiar with the amount of sugar in them," "Replacing sugar
laden drinks with water is one way to substantially reduce sugar
and calorie intake." they're suggesting.

 

Physicians also need to ask adolescents about their sugars
intake and guide them to better choices.

 

Because the researchers used cross-sectional data, they don't
know if added sugars intake caused the differing cholesterol
levels, only that they are linked. They also assessed the diet 

using one 24-hour recall of intake, which may not reflect on a
person's usual intake. Long-term studies are needed to fully
understand the effect that added sugars consumption in 

adolescence has on cardiovascular disease risk in adulthood.

 

Story Source: American Heart Association.

 

Journal Reference: Consumption of Added Sugars and
Indicators of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among US
Adolescents. Circulation, 2011;

 

 

Editor's Note: This article is not intended to provide medical advice,
diagnosis or treatment.


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